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Gwaro reKuchinja Maketeni eChipatara
maketeni echipatara inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutsanana munzvimbo dzehutano. Kushandiswa kwemachira anoshandiswa kamwe chete, akadai seketeni rinoraswa sarudzo, dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera kufarirwa kudzivirira hutachiona uye kuona kuti varwere vakachengeteka. Kutsiva izvi nguva nenguva maketeni anoraswa ekubikirazvakakosha, pamwe nekuraswa Keteni reCubicles yezvipatara zvinoda kuchinjwa nguva nenguva. Kuwanda kwekuchinjwa kunosiyana zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvipatara; semuenzaniso, makamuri evarwere akajairwa angadamaketeni ekuchengetedza zvakavanzika anoraswa kuchinjwa kwemwedzi mitatu yega yega, nepo nzvimbo dzevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya dzichiwanzoda kuchinjwa kakawanda.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Chinja maketeni echipatara mwedzi wega wega kusvika mitatu munzvimbo dzakajairika kuchengetedza hutsanana uye kudzivirira hutachiona.
- Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzakadai seICUs, chinja machira mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana kuti mushure mekubuda muchipatara kuti murwere agare akachengeteka.
- Shandisa maketeni anoraswa kuti uchenese zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kutsiva nekukasika uye kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutano.
Kushandiswa Kwakakurudzirwa Kwekutsiva Maketeni Echipatara
Nhungamiro Dzese
Kuchengetedza kuchena kwemaketeni emuchipatara kwakakosha pakudzivirira hutachiona. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inokurudzira kuchinja maketeni anoraswa kamwe chete pamwedzi. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo angada kuti atsiviwe kakawanda. Heano mamwe marongero ekutsiva maketeni emuchipatara:
- Kutsiva Kwemwedzi Nemwedzi: Kune nzvimbo dzinotarisirwa varwere, maketeni anofanira kuchinjwa mwedzi wega wega kusvika mitatu.
- Kutsiva Pakarepo: Kana maketeni akaonekwa kuti akasviba, asvibiswa, kana kuti akakuvara, anofanira kutsiviwa nekukasika.
- Kusangana Nezvinhu Zvinosvibisa: Maketeni anosangana neropa, mvura yemuviri, kana zvinhu zvinotapukira zvinoda kutsiviwa nekukasika kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona.
Kugeza nekutsiva maketeni emuchipatara nguva dzose kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yezvirwere zvine chekuita nehutano (HAIs). Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti anenge mumwe chete pavarwere makumi maviri nevashanu muchipatara vanobatwa neHAI gore rega rega, kazhinji nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, kusanganisira maketeni emuchipatara. Saka, kutevedzera purogiramu yakasimba yekutsiva maketeni kwakakosha kuchengetedza nharaunda yakachengeteka.
Nzvimbo Dzine Njodzi Yakanyanya
Nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, dzakadai semakamuri ekuchengetwa kwevarwere vane chirwere chepfungwa (ICUs) nemakamuri ekuchengetera varwere, dzinoda kuti vanhu vatevedzere mitemo yekutsiva varwere. CDC inopa zano rekuti maketeni munzvimbo idzi anofanira kucheneswa uye kucheneswa nguva nenguva, zvichienderana nenjodzi yekusvibiswa. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha maererano nenzvimbo dzine njodzi huru:
- Kuwedzera Kuwanda: Maketeni ari muICU anofanira kuchinjwa mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana kuti mushure mekubuda muchipatara.
- Kuchenesa Zuva Nezuva kana Vhiki Nevhiki: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuchenesa zuva nezuva kana kwevhiki kungave kwakakosha, kunyanya kana paine njodzi yakakura yekutapukirwa.
- Kusviba Kunoonekwa: Maketeni anofanira kucheneswa kana akasviba zvinoonekwa kana mushure mekudururwa kweropa kana mvura mumuviri.
Kudiwa kwekutsiva nguva nenguva munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru kunobva mukuwedzera kwemukana wekusvibiswa kwemasero. Maketeni emuchipatara anogona kuva nemabhakitiriya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera HAIs kana zvikasatarisirwa nemazvo. Saka, kuita hurongwa hwakasimba hwekutsiva kwakakosha pakudzivirira varwere vasina dziviriro uye kuona hutsanana hwechipatara.
| Nzvimbo yeChipatara | Kushandiswa Kwekuchenesa Kunokurudzirwa |
|---|---|
| Makamuri Evarwere Akajairwa | Mwedzi wega wega kusvika mitatu |
| Makamuri Ekuchengetedza Varwere Vakanyanya (ICUs) | Mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana mushure mekubuda muchipatara |
| Makamuri Ekukurumidzira (ERs) | Mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana mushure mekusangana nenjodzi huru |
| Makamuri Ekushanda uye Mayuniti Ekuzviparadzanisa | Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwega kwega kana kubuda kwemurwere |
| Mawadhi eVana Vakwegura uye Vana | Mwedzi wega wega kusvika miviri, inowedzerwa kune vane njodzi huru |
Nekutevera nhungamiro idzi, zvipatara zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekutapukirwa uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kutsiviwa Kwemaketeni Echipatara
Rudzi rweMaketeni
Rudzi rwemaketeni anoshandiswa muzvipatara runokanganisa zvakanyanya kuwanda kwawo pakuatsiva. Maketeni akasiyana-siyana anopa mwero wakasiyana wekudzivirira kusvibiswa. Semuenzaniso, maketeni anorwisa utachiona anorapwa nependi inodzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya nefungus. Izvi zvinowedzera kudzora hutachiona uye zvinoderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa. Zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu, zvakaita semachira anorema, zvinodzivirira kubvaruka uye kushushikana kwemuchina, zvichiita kuti agare kwenguva refu uye agone kutsungirira kucheneswa nguva nenguva. Masisitimu anoraswa anobvumira kutsiva nekukurumidza pakati pekuvhiyiwa, zvichiwedzera kusabereka mumakamuri ekuvhiyira. Machira emhando yekurapa, ane kusona kwakasimbiswa uye dziviriro yehutachiona yakabvumidzwa, anopa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye anovandudza kutevedzera mitemo yekudzivirira hutachiona.
| Rudzi rweKeteni | Zvinhu zvirimo | Mabhenefiti |
|---|---|---|
| Maketeni Anorwisa Utachiona | Yakarapwa nependi yekudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya nefungi | Zvinowedzera kudzora hutachiona uye zvinoderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa |
| Zvinhu Zvinogara Nguva Yakareba | Inorema, inodzivirira kubvaruka uye kushushikana kwemagetsi | Inovimbisa kugara kwenguva refu uye inotsungirira kucheneswa nguva nenguva pasina kuora |
| Masisitimu Anoraswa | Inogona kutsiviwa nekukurumidza pakati pekuvhiyiwa | Inoderedza nguva yekushanda uye inowedzera kusabereka muzvipatara |
| Machira Emhando Yekurapa | Kusona kwakasimbiswa uye dziviriro yehutachiona hwehutachiona yakabvumidzwa | Inochengetedza mari kwenguva refu uye inovandudza kutevedzera mitemo yekudzivirira hutachiona |
Matanho Ekusvibiswa
Kuwanda kwekusvibiswa munzvimbo dzezvipatara kunoratidzawo kuti maketeni anofanira kutsiviwa kangani. Maketeni anofanira kutsiviwa nekukasika kana akaratidza mavara anooneka, kubvaruka, kana kuti akaiswa mumvura yemuviri. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti anenge 90% emaketeni ane tsvina anooneka ane mabhakitiriya ane njodzi, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yezvirwere zvine chekuita nehutano. Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzakadai semakamuri ekuchengetwa kwakanyanya (ICUs) uye mawadhi ekenza, zvipatara zvinowanzo tsiva maketeni kota yega yega, izvo zvinoenderana nekudzikira kwe22% kwehuwandu hwehutachiona. Nzvimbo dzinowedzera nguva yekutsiviwa kwemaketeni kupfuura mwedzi gumi nemiviri dzinotarisana nekuwedzera kwe40% kwenjodzi yekusvibiswa pamusoro. CDC inopa zano rekuti maketeni anofanira kucheneswa uye kupiswa nehutachiona kana akasviba zvinoonekwa kana mushure mekudururwa kweropa kana mvura yemuviri.
- Nguva dzekutsiva varwere dzinofanira kuenderana nekufamba kwevarwere pane nguva yakatarwa, kunyanya mumakamuri ekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye mumakamuri ekutsva.
- Zvipatara zvinotsiva machira mavhiki maviri ega ega mumakamuri ekutsva zvinoti zvirwere zvine chekuita nehutano zvakaderera ne60% zvichienzaniswa nezviya zvinomirira kwemwedzi.
Nekunzwisisa rudzi rwemaketeni uye huwandu hwehutachiona, zvipatara zvinogona kushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekutsiva dzinovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwemurwere.
Nhungamiro dzeDare reHutano dzeMaketeni eZvipatara
Zvinokurudzirwa neCDC
Nzvimbo dzeKudzora neKudzivirira Zvirwere (CDC) dzinopa gwara rakakosha rekugadzirisa nekutsiva machira emuchipatara. Mazano aya anovavarira kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvine chekuita nehutano (HAIs) zvakabatana nenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa. Pfungwa huru kubva kuCDC dzinosanganisira:
- Kutsiva Nguva Dzose: CDC inopa zano rekuti zvipatara zvidzore machira munzvimbo dzevarwere mwedzi wega wega kusvika mitatu. Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, dzakadai semakamuri ekuchengetwa kwevarwere vakasimba (ICUs) nemakamuri ekukurumidzira, huwandu hunokurudzirwa hunokwira kusvika mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana kuti pakarepo mushure mekubuda kwemurwere.
- Chiito Chekukurumidza Chekusvibisa: Kana maketeni akaonekwa akasviba kana kuti akasangana neropa kana mvura yemuviri, CDC inokurudzira kuti atsiviwe nekukasika. Izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere.
- Kubatanidzwa Nemamwe Matanho Ekudzivirira UtachionaCDC inosimbisa kuti kutsiva maketeni kunofanira kuzadzisa dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira hutachiona, dzakadai sekuchenesa maoko uye kuuraya utachiona pamusoro. Nzira iyi yakabatana inovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti maketeni ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwechipatara anogona kuva nemabhakitiriya ane njodzi, anosanganisira MRSA neCOVID-19. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti 31% yemaketeni ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwechipatara akaongororwa aine MRSA, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekutevedzera zvakanyanya purogiramu yekutsiva. Kunyangwe mushure mekusuka, maketeni anogona kusvibiswa mukati mevhiki, zvichikonzera njodzi yekupararira kwezvirwere. Saka, zvipatara zvinofanirwa kukoshesa kucheneswa kwemaketeni sechikamu chemitemo yavo yekudzora hutachiona.
Mitemo yeMasangano
Kuwedzera kunhungamiro dzeCDC, zvipatara zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzogadzira mitemo yazvo maererano nekutsiva machira. Mitemo iyi inowanzo ratidza zvinodiwa zvakasiyana uye njodzi dzine chekuita nevarwere vavo. Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira:
- Zvirongwa Zvekutsiva ZvakagadziriswaZvipatara zvinogona kugadzira hurongwa hwakagadzirirwa varwere zvichienderana nenjodzi dziripo mubazi uye huwandu hwevanhu vari kurwara. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzakadai seICU nemakamuri ekuparadzanisa varwere dzinoda kuchinjwa machira kakawanda kupfuura nzvimbo dzevarwere dzakajairwa.
- Maitiro Akanakisisa Kubva kuZvipatara ZvikuruZvipatara zvakawanda zvinoshandisa nzira dzakanakisisa dzekutsiva machira. Tafura inotevera inoratidza maitikiro anokurudzirwa ekutsiva machira kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano:
| Nzvimbo Yekushandisa | Kukurudzirwa Kutsiva Kakawanda |
|---|---|
| Makamuri Evarwere Akajairwa | Mwedzi 1 kusvika ku3 yega yega |
| Makamuri Ekuchengetedza Varwere Vakanyanya (ICUs) | Mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana mushure mekubuda muchipatara |
| Makamuri Ekukurumidzira (ERs) | Mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega kana mushure mekusangana nenjodzi huru |
| Makamuri Ekuvhiyira | Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwega kwega kana kubuda kwemurwere |
| Zvikamu zveKuzviparadzanisa | Mushure mekubuda kwemurwere wega wega |
| Mawadhi eVana Vakwegura uye Vana | Mwedzi mumwe chete kusvika miviri yega yega, inowedzerwa kune vane njodzi huru |
- Tarisa Pamaketeni Anoraswa: Masangano mazhinji ari kushandisa maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa, ayo anopa hutsanana hwakanaka zvichienzaniswa nemachira echinyakare. Maketeni aya anogona kutsiviwa mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu yega yega, zvichienderana nemaitiro ekudzivirira hutachiona uye zvichibatsira mukuderedza mari.
Nekutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa neCDC uye kugadzira mitemo yakasimba yemasangano, zvipatara zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yehutachiona hunokonzerwa nemaketeni echipatara. Maitiro aya ekugadzirira haangobatsiri chete kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere asiwo anokurudzira tsika yekuchena uye kuzvidavirira munzvimbo dzehutano.
Kuchinja machira emuchipatara nguva nenguva kwakakosha kuti pave nekudzora hutachiona zvinobudirira. Kutevedzera mitemo yakatarwa kunoenderana zvakananga nemigumisiro yekudzivirira hutachiona. Zvipatara zvinodzidzisa vashandi nezvekugadzirisa nekuchinja hutachiona zvakanaka zvinovandudza kutevedzera mitemo uye ruzivo. Maitiro aya ekugadzirira anobatsira zvikuru pakuchengetedzeka kwevarwere uye hutsanana munzvimbo dzehutano.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Maketeni emuchipatara anofanira kuchinjwa kangani?
Maketeni emuchipatara anofanira kuchinjwa mwedzi wega wega kusvika mitatu munzvimbo dzakajairika uye mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuwanda kwekutsiva maketeni?
Zvinhu zvinosanganisira rudzi rweketeni, huwandu hwekusvibiswa, uye mitemo chaiyo yechipatara yakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemurwere uye matanho ekudzivirira hutachiona.
Maketeni anoraswa anogona kucheneswa here?
Ehe, maketeni anoraswa anochengetedza hutsanana hwakanaka sezvo achigona kuchinjwa nguva nenguva, zvichideredza njodzi yekusvibiswa uye hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutano.
