Chikonzero Chikuru Nei Maketeni Ezvipatara Zvinoraswa Achichinja Hutano

Zvinoraswa maketeni echipatara Zvinoshandura zvakanyanya nharaunda dzehutano. Zvinopa hunyanzvi hwakakosha mukurwisa hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutano (HAIs). HAIs inokanganisa mumwe chete pavarwere makumi matatu nerimwe vemuUS vari muchipatara, zvichidhura mabhiriyoni pagore. Kuchinja uku, kunotsigirwa nevagadziri vemaketeni echipatara, inowedzera zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere uye kushanda zvakanaka. maketeni emukamuri rekurapa, kusanganisira keteni rekuchengetedza ruzivo rwezvekurapa magadzirirwo, ikozvino anowanikwa machira anoraswa.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anomisa kupararira kwehutachiona. Ane zvinhu zvakakosha zvinouraya mabhakitiriya, zvichiita kuti zvipatara zvive zvakachengeteka kune wese munhu.
• Maketeni aya ari nyore kuchinja. Izvi zvinochengetedza nguva nemari nekuti zvipatara hazvidi kuageza. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti zvipatara zvishande zvakanaka.
• Kushandisa Keteni rinoraswaIzvi zvinoita kuti varwere nevashandi vanzwe vakachengeteka. Vanoziva kuti chipatara chakachena uye vari kushanda nesimba kudzivirira kurwara.

Kudiwa Kwekuchinja Kwechimbichimbi: Nei Maketeni Echinyakare Echipatara Asingashande

Nzvimbo dzekurapa dzechinyakare dzinowanzo vimba netsika idzo, kunyange zvazvo dzaimbova dzechinyakare, ikozvino dzinopa matambudziko makuru mukudzivirira hutachiona hwemazuva ano. Maketeni echinyakare ezvipatara, kunyanya, ane njodzi huru. Anowanzova nzvimbo dzekuberekera hutachiona hunokuvadza, anoomesa mabasa ekuchenesa, uye anogadzira mitoro yakavanzika yekushanda kwezvipatara. Kuziva zvikanganiso izvi kwakakosha pakunzwisisa simba rekuchinja rezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kuraswa.

Maketeni eChipatara Chekare seMadziva Ezvirwere Asingaonekwe

Maketeni echinyakare echipatara, akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere, asingazive anova nzvimbo huru dzekuchengetedza tupukanana tune njodzi. Zvipingamupinyi zvemachira izvi, zvinowanzobatwa nevanhu vazhinji, zvinokurumidza kuunganidza tupukanana twakasiyana-siyana tune chekuita nehutano. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kusvibiswa nekukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, vaongorori vakaona kuti 92% yemaketeni echinyakare ekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvipatara akaratidza kusvibiswa nemabhakitiriya anokonzera hutachiona akadai seMRSA neVRE mukati mevhiki imwe chete yekushandiswa.

Mhando dzezvirwere zvinowanikwa panzvimbo idzi dzinonetsa. Zvikonzero zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) uye Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). Mamwe mabhakitiriya akaonekwa anosanganisira Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, uye aerobic gram-negative rods. Utachiona uhu hunogona kurarama pamusoro pemachira kwenguva yakareba. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti 87% yemachira emuchipatara echinyakare akasvibiswa neMRSA mushure memazuva gumi nemana chete ekushandiswa. Imwe ongororo yakazara, yakaongorora sampuro 1,521 kubva kumachira ekuchengetedza ruzivo, yakawana kuti 22% yakaongororwa kuti ine hutachiona husingapindi mishonga yakawanda (MDROs). Mukati meaya maMDRO, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) yakaonekwa mu13.8% yema cultures, mabhakitiriya asingapindi mishonga gram-negative mu6.2%, uye methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) mu4.9%. Kuvapo kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza nguva dzose uku kunoratidza basa guru rinoitwa nemaketeni echinyakare mukutapurirana kwehutachiona.

Maitiro Ekuchenesa Asina Kushanda Pamaketeni Echipatara

Maitiro ekuchenesa maketeni emuchipatara chekare anowanzo tadza kuita zvinodiwa kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona. Hapana mwero wepasi rose wekuti zvipatara zvinofanira kuchenesa maketeni aya kangani. Zvipatara zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvavanoda, nzvimbo, kuwanda kwekusangana, uye njodzi yekusvibiswa. Mirayiridzo inoratidza shanduko dzinokurumidza dzemaketeni ane tsvina inooneka uye kune avo vari muzviitiko zvekuzviparadzanisa kana varwere vabva. Kune varwere vari kuramba vachirwara, shanduko dzekota kana mazano kubva kumapoka ekudzivirira hutachiona akajairika. Zvisinei, nhungamiro idzi hadzishandiswi nguva dzose kana kuti dzakakwana.

Matambudziko akati wandei anotadzisa kuchenesa zvakanaka. Machira emachira akaomarara; anobata nyore nyore zvinhu zvakaita seguruva, tsvina, uye mabhakitiriya, izvo nzira dzekuchenesa dzisingakwanise kubvisa zvinobudirira. Zvivako zvehutano zvinochenesa maketeni echinyakare echipatara kashoma pane nzvimbo dzakaomarara, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kusvibiswa. Kubatwa zvakanyanya nevashandi, varwere, uye vashanyi kunoita kuti kusvibiswa kudzoke nekukurumidza, sezvo vanhu vachiwanzobata maketeni vasina magirovhosi. Uyezve, kuedza kuchenesa mumba kunowanzo tarisa panzvimbo dzakaomarara dzinobatwa zvakanyanya, kazhinji kusingatariswe kucheneswa kwakakosha kunodiwa pamaketeni. Kuongororwa uku kunobvumira mabhakitiriya, akadai seMRSA, kuti ararame pamusoro pemachira kwenguva yakareba, zvichiita kuti maketeni adzokezve nekukurumidza kunyangwe mushure mekuchenesa.

Mutoro Wakavanzika Wekushanda Kwemaketeni Echipatara Anogona Kushandiswazve

Kunze kwenjodzi dzehutachiona, maketeni emuchipatara anogona kushandiswazve anoisa mutoro wakakura pakushanda kwezvipatara. Kugadziriswa kwawo kunosanganisira nzira yakaoma uye inoda zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Hupenyu hwese hwemachira akarukwa emhando yepamusoro hunosvika makore gumi, asi hurefu uhwu hunouya nekuda kwekuchenesa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa. Semuenzaniso, muBritain, maketeni anogona kushandiswazve anoda kucheneswa pa60 degrees kanenge mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega, uye pakarepo kana asvibiswa. Mitemo yeAustralia inosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo ine njodzi, kubva pakuchinja nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru kusvika pakucheneswa kwegore negore munzvimbo dzine njodzi shoma.

Maitiro ekuwachira mbatya pachawo anoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Kuwacha mbatya dzemuchipatara dzinoshandiswazve kunoda mvura yakawanda, zvichigadzira mvura yakasviba yakaenzana. Kunyangwe nekurapwa nekudzokororwa kwemvura yakasviba, kuwacha mbatya kunoda kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo mbatya dzinoshandiswazve dzichipa hupenyu hwakareba uye zvimwe zvakanakira zvakatipoteredza kupfuura marara anoraswa maererano nehuwandu hwemarara, maitiro ekuwacha mbatya anoda zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Anodya simba nemvura yakawanda uye anowedzera mvura yakasviba kune zvakatipoteredza zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzinoshandiswa. Kuenderera mberi uku kwekubvisa, kuwacha mbatya, uye kuisazve kunowedzera mari yevashandi, kuoma kwezvinhu, uye kukanganisa nharaunda, zvichigadzira mutoro wakavanzika uyo nzvimbo zhinji dzisingatarisirwi.

Kuchinja Kwakaitwa Maketeni Ezvipatara Anoraswa

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anomiririra danho guru muhutano uye kushanda zvakanaka. Anogadzirisa zvakananga zvikanganiso zvemaketeni echinyakare nekupa maficha epamusoro uye maitiro akareruka. Iyi nzira itsva inoshandura zvakanyanya mashandisirwo anoita zvivakwa pakudzivirira njodzi dzehutachiona uye kuchengetedza nharaunda yakachena.

Hunhu Hwepamusoro hweMushonga weUtachiona Mumaketeni Echipatara Anoraswa

Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira nemachira emuchipatara anoraswa chiri musimba rawo repamusoro rekuuraya utachiona. Vagadziri vanogadzira machira aya nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kukura nekupararira kwebhakitiriya, fungi, nezvimwe tupukanana. Nzira iyi yekudzivirira utachiona inoderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wehutachiona munzvimbo dzevarwere.

Chidzidzo chekuedza chakaratidza kudzikira kukuru kwezvikamu zvinogadzira koloni yemabhakitiriya (CFU/cm²) pamaketeni ekudzivirira ekuchengetedza eFantex anorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekusvibiswa nemabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, MRSA, uye zvisikwa zvinogadzira ma "extended spectrum" (Escherichia coli kana Klebsiella pneumoniae), maketeni aya akaratidza kudzikira kukuru zvichienzaniswa nemaketeni akajairwa ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu. Uyezve, huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhakitiriya hwakaderera zvakanyanya pamaketeni eFantex mushure memwedzi miviri yekushandiswa mudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira.

Data rinoratidza zvakajeka kushanda kwechirongwa ichi:

Kudzikira kukuru kwekuvapo kwebhakitiriya uku kunoreva zvakananga kuti pave nenzvimbo yakachengeteka yevarwere nevashandi.

Kubatanidzwa Kwakatsetseka uye Kuchimbidza Kutsiva Maketeni Echipatara Anoraswa

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anopa nyore kusanganisa nekutsiva, zvichivandudza mashandiro ekushanda. Zvivako zvehutano zvinogona kuchinjana maketeni aya munguva isingasviki miniti imwe chete kana vashandi vakashandisa zvishandiso zvakaita seGrabber tool. Kumhanya uku kunowedzera zvakanyanya mwero wekuchinjana kwevarwere mumakamuri avo.

Zvakanakira zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvemasisitimu aya ekutsiva nekukurumidza zvakawanda:

• Kuiswa Nekukurumidza: Vashandi vanogona kuchinja machira anoraswa mumaminitsi mashoma vachishandisa masisitimu ekukurumidza kuchinja, zvichichengetedza nguva inokosha.
• Kuderedzwa Kwebasa: Zvinobvisa kubata, kuwacha, uye kudzoreredza machira echinyakare.
• Mabasa Akarongeka: Vashandi vanogona kukurumidza kutsiva machira pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ezuva nezuva, vachidzivirira kunonoka kwekutarisira varwere kunokonzerwa nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekuchenesa.
• Kubviswa Kwekuchenesa Kwakaomarara: Kusiyana nemachira ejira anoda kugezwa kakawanda pakupisa kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza, machira anoraswa anongotsiviwa, zvichibvisa matambudziko ekuwachisa mbatya.

Masisitimu aya anopawo mamwe mabhenefiti:

• Yakareruka uye iri nyore kuisa: Hunhu uhwu hunobatsira kuti zvinhu zvitsiviwe nekukurumidza.
• Inodhura Zvishoma: Vanoderedza mari yekuwacha mbatya uye vashandi vanobatanidzwa nemaketeni echinyakare.
• Inobvisa Purogiramu Dzekuchenesa: Zvinobvisa kudiwa kwehurongwa hwakaoma, hunotora nguva, uye hunodhura hwekuchenesa maketeni echinyakare.

Kuvandudza Kudzora Kutapukirwa Nemaketeni Echipatara Anoshandiswa Kamwe Chete

Maketeni emuchipatara anoshandiswa kamwe chete ndiwo musimboti wezvirongwa zvemazuva ano zvekudzivirira hutachiona. Anopa nzira yekudzivirira hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutano (HAIs) nekuona kuti nharaunda yakachena nguva dzose.

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anobatsira kuderedza HAI nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Zvinobvisa njodzi dzekupararira kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Zvinoderedza mutoro wekugara uchiwacha mbatya.
• Zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwechipatara.
• Ndiwo matanho ekudzivirira hutachiona.

Zvivako zvehutano zvinofanirwa kuisa gwara rakajeka rekutsiva machira aya kuti ashande zvakanaka. Zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti machira emuchipatara anoraswa achinjwe mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega, zuva rekuisa riine chiratidzo chakajeka pajira.

Mamiriro chaiwo ekiriniki anowanzo da kuchinjwa kakawanda:

• CDC Minimum Standard: Kamwe chete pamwedzi.
• Kutsiva Pakarepo: Zvinodiwa pakusviba kunoonekwa, kusvibiswa, kukuvara, kana kusangana neropa/zvinwiwa zvemuviri.
• Nzvimbo Dzine Njodzi Yakanyanya (ICUs, Makamuri Ekusurukirwa): Nzvimbo idzi dzingada kuchinjwa kakawanda, dzimwe nguva vhiki nevhiki, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenjodzi uye mukana wekusvibiswa.
• Zvirongwa ZvakagadzirirwaZvipatara zvinowanzogadzira hurongwa hwakagadzirirwa varwere zvichienderana nenjodzi dziri mubazi uye huwandu hwevanhu vanorwara.

Heino gwara rekushandisa nguva yekutsiva:

Mabhenefiti Anooneka: Magadzirirwo Emachira Echipatara Anoraswa Anowedzera Sei Hutano Hwakanaka?

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa ane zvakanakira zvikuru. Anovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere, anoita kuti mashandiro avo ave nyore, uye anowedzera chivimbo munharaunda dzehutano. Mabhenefiti aya anoita kuti ave chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro emazuva ano ekudzivirira hutachiona.

Kubvisa Njodzi Dzekusvibiswa Nemachira Emuchipatara Anoraswa

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekusvibiswa kwemasero. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushandisa machira emuchipatara anoraswa kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwehutachiona kusvika ku30%. Izvi zvinosimudzira zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwechipatara uye kudzora hutachiona. Maketeni mazhinji emazuva ano anoraswa ane hunhu hwehutachiona. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuwanda kwemabhakitiriya, fungi, nezvimwe tupukanana. Izvi zvinopa imwe nhanho yekudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Tsvagiridzo inowanzoratidza kuti maketeni ekuchengetedza zvakavanzika mumakamuri evarwere anogona kuva nemabhakitiriya, kusanganisira marudzi asingapindi mishonga. Nyanzvi dzinoti kugadzira patsva maketeni aya kana kushandisa mamwe machira anoraswa kunobatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwemabhakitiriya.

Kugadzirisa Kutarisirwa Kwenzvimbo uye Kuderedza Mari Yevashandi

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anoita kuti zvinhu zvifambiswe zvakanaka uye anoderedza mari yevashandi. Anobvisa kudiwa kwekuwachisa mbatya zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinochengetedza mvura, simba, uye simba. Kunyange zvazvo mari yekutanga yemaketeni anoraswa yakafanana neyeanogona kuwachiswa, anodhura zvishoma nezvishoma. Anobvisa kuchenesa kwakaoma uye kuvhiyiwa kwemasero kunodiwa pamachira anozoshandiswazve. Maketeni anoraswa anorerutsawo zvinhu zviri muchitoro. Anowanzo wanikwa muhukuru hwepaneru imwe chete (66”x 105”). Maadapter etsvimbo anogadzirisa kukwirira kwakasiyana-siyana kwedenga, zvichibvumira kushandiswa kwakafanana mumadhipatimendi ese. Mazita echidzitiro chechipatara chimwe nechimwe anobatsira kutevedza mazuva ekuisa. Izvi zvinovandudza manejimendi yezvinhu zviri muchitoro uye zvinovimbisa kutevedzera mitemo yekuchenesa.

Kuvandudza Kuvimba Kwevarwere Nevashandi Muhutsanana Hwechipatara

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anobatsira kuti pave nenzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda yevashandi vehutano. Anoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekuparadzira hutachiona pakati pevarwere nevashandi. Maketeni echinyakare ejira anogona kuva nehutachiona kunyangwe mushure mekusukwa. Maketeni anoraswa, akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kamwe chete, anodzivirira izvi. Hunhu hwavo hwekuuraya utachiona hunodzivirira kukura kwehutachiona. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo yakachena yevashandi vehutano. Hunhu hwekuraswa hunobvisa kukosha kwevashandi kubata mbatya dzinenge dzasvibiswa. Izvi zvinochengetedza nguva nezvinhu uku zvichideredza njodzi dzekusangana nehutachiona. Kushandisa maketeni anoraswa kunobatsira zvivakwa kutevedzera nhungamiro dzakasimba dzekudzivirira hutachiona. Izvi zvinoratidza kuzvipira kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere nevashandi.

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa akakosha pakuchengetedza hutano hwemazuva ano. Anomiririra mari yekudyara mukuchengetedza varwere uye kushanda zvakanaka. Zvivako zvinoshandisa hunyanzvi uhwu zvinochengetedza ramangwana rakanaka uye rakachengeteka rehutano. Iyi tekinoroji yepamusoro yemaketeni emuchipatara inochinja kutarisirwa kwevarwere uye kushanda zvakanaka.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anogona sei kudzivirira hutachiona?

Maketeni anoraswa ane hunhu hwekuuraya utachiona. Hunhu uhwu hunodzivirira kukura kwezvirwere. Kutsiva nguva dzose kunobvisa nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, zvichideredza zvikuru njodzi yekusvibiswa.

Maketeni emuchipatara anoraswa anodhura zvishoma here kupfuura anogona kushandiswazve?

Ehe, ndizvozvo. Maketeni anoraswa anobvisa mari yekuwacha mbatya, basa rekuchenesa, uye kuisazve patsva. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvivakwa zvishande zviri nyore uye zvinoderedza mari inoshandiswa pakushanda.

Kushandisa machira anoraswa kunogona kukanganisa sei nharaunda?

Vagadziri vanowanzogadzira machira anoraswa kubva pazvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve. Kushandiswa kwawo kunoderedza kushandiswa kwemvura nesimba zvinosanganisirwa nekuwachisa machira anogona kushandiswazve. Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.